Write a discussion on graphene oxide membrane fouling in water treatment of produced water, using the analysis of XRD, SEM, and contact angle.

Discuss how membrane fouling is happening in graphene oxide membranes in water treatment of produced water, and the use of methods of XRD, SEM, and contact angle to detect the fouling. Discuses the science behind the reasons that affect the XRD results, SEM findings, and contact angle results. No need for general introduction about membranes, get directly into the core subject. Keep the discussion on laboratory experimentation point of view, and do not discuss the aspects of thermodynamics or modeling and simulations.